While the evaporation process itself is quite simplistic, the evaporator is much more complex. It should be noted that when the evaporation process occurs, it is assumed that only water is evaporating – any solute is left in the concentrate. The amount of water that has evaporated can readily be calculated by a simple mass balance. The pressure of the steam used for evaporation greatly affects the rate of evaporation the higher the steam pressure (hence higher the temperature) the more water can be evaporated over a given length of time. When vacuum is present, the temperature at which the solvent will boil and evaporate is significantly less than at atmospheric pressure, which makes evaporation easier and faster. Evaporation can take place at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. To achieve temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent, steam is often used for heating purposes. IntroductionĪn evaporator is a unit operation that is typically used to concentrate a solution by evaporating some of the solvent. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of the pressure of the heating steam upon the rate of evaporation of water and to determine the steam economy of the system.
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